Historia de Úbeda

These civilizations basically worked in the agriculture and the livestock farming. Some of the rests that have been found are burials and daily objects, such as earthenware vessels.
This area became an important city in the Muslim period. It was founded by Abderramán II (822-852), who called it "Medinat-Ubbadat-Al-Arab". It was included in the area of Jaén. In this period, its territory extended across more than 35000 hectares.
Úbeda was gained for the Castillian crown in 1233 by the king Fernando III (called "the Saint"). After that, the Muslim, Christian and Jewish cultures coexisted for a long time.
In the Christian period the territory of Úbeda increased a lot, including the area from Torres de Acún (Granada) to santisteban del Puerto, passing by cities like Albánchez de Úbeda, Huesa and Canena, and, in the middle of the XVI a. C. it also included cabra del santo Cristo, Quesada or Torreperogil.
Úbeda has an important geographic value, what was decisive in this period. As Úbeda was in the border between Granada and Castilla, the Castillian kings gave it a lot of adventages, such as the "Fuero de Cuenca", which tried to stablish a population formed by people from Castilla and from León, in order to face the problems that there could be in the border.
The wealth Úbeda got in the XVI c. had a lot of reasons, like its good comunications, its wide terriory, geographic situation, and a very powerful nobility.
Because of the "Fuero de Cuenca", a popular Council was formed, which developed to a middle-class nobility, which tried to make th high-ranking official hereditary.
During the XIV and the XV c., there were many wars and fights among important people who tried to dominate the Council. The social conflicts afected the economy, based mainly in agriculture and live-sock farming.
The Mudejar civilization were who supported the agriculture and the handmade industry (pottery and esparto), even they were not much people.
In 1368 the city was devastated because of the civil war between Pedro I of Castilla and Enrique II od Trastámara. This fact, combinated with other circumstances, caused the worsening of the rivalry between the families Trapera and Aranda in the first moment, and the families Cueva and Molina after. This produced many problems and fights which solved when the Catholic Kings took part in this problem: they ordered the Alcázar the nobility used as a fortress to be destroyed.
The XVI c. was the time when Úbeda was more important, because of its economic development and the increase in its agricultural production. Apart of this, the handmade industry diversified. So, the population of Úbeda also increased a lot (it got 18000 people, more or less.)
The population was divided in three different classes, depending on their richness and power.
In this period, the family Cobos Molina was very important. Francisco de los Cobos became Charles V´s secretary of State, and got a lot of important charges.
It is also a period in which many important buildings were built, thanks to architects like Siloé, Berruguete or Vandelvira.
At the end of this century, many circumstances like wars, plagues, etc., caused the best times for Úbeda finished.
In the lasts years of the XVIII c. Úbeda tried to recover its economy, with the help of the agriculture and the handmade industry.
After that, Independence War produced economic damages again, and Úbeda did not recover until the end of the XIX c., with several technical improves.
In the social aspect, ideological opening was due to the existence of "casinos", plaes for informal discussions about several items.

HISTORY OF ÚBEDA
The first humen civilizations who lived in Úbeda did it in the Prehistory, as the rests which have been found show. Between the III and the II millennium a. C. there were therefore many different settlements in the area which actually is occuppied by Alcázar neighborhood. This was an area easy to defend, and which was near the river Guadalquivir.
Abderramán II called this city Medinat-Ubbadat Al-Arab (Úbeda of the Arabs) Fernando III the Saint gained Úbeda for the Castillian Crown. San Juan de la Cruz was another of the important people of the city in the XVI century.	These civilizations basically worked in the agriculture and the livestock farming. Some of the rests that have been found are burials and daily objects, such as earthenware vessels. This area became an important city in the Muslim period. It was founded by Abderramán II (822-852), who called it "Medinat-Ubbadat-Al-Arab". It was included in the area of Jaén. In this period, its territory extended across more than 35000 hectares. Úbeda was gained for the Castillian crown in 1233 by the king Fernando III (called "the Saint"). After that, the Muslim, Christian and Jewish cultures coexisted for a long time. In the Christian period the territory of Úbeda increased a lot, including the area from Torres de Acún (Granada) to santisteban del Puerto, passing by cities like Albánchez de Úbeda, Huesa and Canena, and, in the middle of the XVI a. C. it also included cabra del santo Cristo, Quesada or Torreperogil. Úbeda has an important geographic value, what was decisive in this period. As Úbeda was in the border between Granada and Castilla, the Castillian kings gave it a lot of adventages, such as the "Fuero de Cuenca", which tried to stablish a population formed by people from Castilla and from León, in order to face the problems that there could be in the border. The wealth Úbeda got in the XVI c. had a lot of reasons, like its good comunications, its wide terriory, geographic situation, and a very powerful nobility. Because of the "Fuero de Cuenca", a popular Council was formed, which developed to a middle-class nobility, which tried to make th high-ranking official hereditary. During the XIV and the XV c., there were many wars and fights among important people who tried to dominate the Council. The social conflicts afected the economy, based mainly in agriculture and live-sock farming. The Mudejar civilization were who supported the agriculture and the handmade industry (pottery and esparto), even they were not much people. In 1368 the city was devastated because of the civil war between Pedro I of Castilla and Enrique II od Trastámara. This fact, combinated with other circumstances, caused the worsening of the rivalry between the families Trapera and Aranda in the first moment, and the families Cueva and Molina after. This produced many problems and fights which solved when the Catholic Kings took part in this problem: they ordered the Alcázar the nobility used as a fortress to be destroyed. The XVI c. was the time when Úbeda was more important, because of its economic development and the increase in its agricultural production. Apart of this, the handmade industry diversified. So, the population of Úbeda also increased a lot (it got 18000 people, more or less.) The population was divided in three different classes, depending on their richness and power. In this period, the family Cobos Molina was very important. Francisco de los Cobos became Charles V´s secretary of State, and got a lot of important charges. It is also a period in which many important buildings were built, thanks to architects like Siloé, Berruguete or Vandelvira. At the end of this century, many circumstances like wars, plagues, etc., caused the best times for Úbeda finished. In the lasts years of the XVIII c. Úbeda tried to recover its economy, with the help of the agriculture and the handmade industry. After that, Independence War produced economic damages again, and Úbeda did not recover until the end of the XIX c., with several technical improves. In the social aspect, ideological opening was due to the existence of "casinos", plaes for informal discussions about several items.